Blood Falls: brine inside a cold glacier
Red stains mark the discharge of iron-rich salty water; radar helped trace its hidden route.
Volcanoes, atmospheric phenomena and natural disasters.
Red stains mark the discharge of iron-rich salty water; radar helped trace its hidden route.
A historical event studied through physical effects, witness accounts and modelling.
The August 1883 eruption left records in the ocean, atmosphere and observers’ accounts around the world.
The 1783–1784 eruption linked Icelandic lava fields with an unusual haze thousands of kilometres away.
Acidic saline springs became a testing ground for deciding which shapes and genetic signals genuinely indicate life.
Long roll clouds reveal atmospheric waves studied by meteorologists and used by glider pilots.
Recurrent nocturnal storms make Maracaibo a principal global lightning hotspot; this is a climatic pattern rather than a single encounter.